Dr Lenin and Weavers of Banaras
India: Threats against Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi and members of the People's Vigilance Committee on Human Rights (PVCHR)
Front Line is deeply concerned following reports of death threats made via mobile phone against human rights defender Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi and members of the People's Vigilance Committee on Human Rights (PVCHR) between 25 April 2008 and 18 May 2008, calling for them to cease their human rights work, in particular their work with the Dalit communities in the Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh. Dr Raghuvanshi is the convener of the PVCHR and also a member of the District Vigilance Committee on Bonded Labour in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi'
Further Information
Posted 21/05/2008 Since 25 April 2008, Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi has been receiving threatening calls to his mobile phone in which he has been verbally abused and warned that he will be killed if he continues with the work of the PVCHR with the Dalit communities in the Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh.
The threatening calls were made from the following numbers: +919415158550, +919794207227, +919454592038, +919792166784, +919792317547, +919453982577, +919956198171, +919838709973, +919889028806, +919792625583, +919795067828, +919838709937, +919792308119, +919793181915 and +919335985425, +919956816351 and +919919784317, all of which are registered in India.
Front Line wrote to you on 25 January 2008 regarding the harassment of Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi and members of the PVCHR. On 23 January 2008, Dr Raghuvanshi appeared before the Judicial First Class Magistrate Court 1 to present his application for bail, which was accepted as the Court ruled that there was no reason for him to be detained.
Furthermore, the Magistrate ruled that the complaint that had been filed against Dr Raghuvanshi on 9 December 2007 by the village head of Belwa in the Badagaon administrative district, Rajendar Thripathi, for "anti-state activities" could not be registered due to insufficient evidence. Dr Raghuvanshi, along with Ms Anupam Nagavanshi and Ms Shruti Nagavanshi, also staff members of the PVCHR, has been charged with "statements conducing to public mischief", under Section 505 (b) of the Indian Penal Code, 1860. However, the Court reportedly ordered that they are not to be arrested in relation to these charges until further notice. Due to questions regarding the procedure that was followed in this case, the Magistrate has ordered the Phulpur police to produce all documents relevant to this case before 29 January 2008.
Front Line has previously expressed its concern regarding threats against Dr Raghuvanshi and the staff of the PVCHR, received between 4 and 6 December 2007, as well as the complaint filed against him by Rajendar Thripathi, on 9 December 2007. Dr Raghuvanshi was the subject of intimidation by Rajendar Thripathi, and in 2002, a First Information Report (FIR) was filed against Rajendar Thripathi by Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi in his capacity as member of the Committee on Bonded Labour. A warrant was consequently issued for Rajendar Thripathi's arrest, which is still pending. It is not known why Rajendar Thripathi was not arrested when he presented himself at the police station to file the FIR against Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi; however it could be seen to indicate a degree of collusion between the police and the local authorities.
Furthermore, in August 2005, Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi received death threats from a friend of Rajendar Thripathi, Rmasray Singh, while Rajendar Thripathi was contesting the Panchayath election. Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi reported these threats to the authorities on 6 August 2005 and a FIR was issued. This case is also pending despite expressions of concern from three United Nations Special Rapporteurs to the central government.
Front Line believes that these threats against Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi and members of the PVCHR are directly related to work that the PVCHR does in the defence of human rights, in particular its work to assist those facing discrimination and death by starvation due to their caste in Uttar Pradesh.
Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi and the PVCHR have recently drawn attention to incidences of babies and young children dying from starvation in the state, which have engendered widespread media attention and criticism of the state government's failure to acknowledge and tackle the problem, which is closely linked to the issue of caste discrimination. Front Line is concerned for the physical and psychological integrity of Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi and all members of the PVCHR.
http://www.frontlin
India:Harassment of human rights defender Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi and colleagues
Front Line expresses concern regarding the charges that have been filed against human rights defender Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi and other staff members of the People's Vigilance Committee on Human Rights (PVCHR). Dr Raghuvanshi is the Convener of the PVCHR and also a member of the District Vigilance Committee on Bonded Labour in the State of Uttar Pradesh, in northern India. In his work in the defence of human rights, Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi has focused on the protection of the right to food and on victims of death due to starvation.
Further Information
Posted 25/01/2007 On 23 January 2008, Dr Raghuvanshi appeared before the Judicial First Class Magistrate Court 1 to present his application for bail, which was accepted as the Court ruled that there was no reason for him to be detained. Furthermore, the Magistrate ruled that the complaint that had been filed against Dr Raghuvanshi on 9 December 2007 by the village head of Belwa in the Badagaon administrative district, Rajendar Thripathi, for "anti-state activities" could not be registered due to insufficient evidence.
Dr Raghuvanshi, along with Ms Anupam Nagavanshi and Ms Shruti Nagavanshi, also staff members of the PVCHR, has been charged with "statements conducing to public mischief", under Section 505 (b) of the Indian Penal Code, 1860. However, the Court reportedly ordered that they are not to be arrested in relation to these charges until further notice. Due to questions regarding the procedure that was followed in this case, the Magistrate has ordered the Phulpur police to produce all documents relevant to this case before 29 January 2008.
Front Line has previously expressed its concern regarding threats against Dr Raghuvanshi and the staff of the PVCHR, received between 4 and 6 December 2007, as well as the complaint filed against him by Rajendar Thripathi, on 9 December 2007. Dr Raghuvanshi was the subject of intimidation by Rajendar Thripathi, and in 2002, a First Information Report (FIR) was filed against Rajendar Thripathi by Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi in his capacity as member of the Committee on Bonded Labour. A warrant was consequently issued for Rajendar Thripathi's arrest, which is still pending. It is not known why Rajendar Thripathi was not arrested when he presented himself at the police station to file the FIR against Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi; however it could be seen to indicate a degree of collusion between the police and the local authorities.
In August 2005, Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi received death threats from a friend of Rajendar Thripathi, Rmasray Singh, while Rajendar Thripathi was contesting the Panchayath election. Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi reported these threats to the authorities on 6 August 2005 and a FIR was issued. This case is also pending despite expressions of concern from three United Nations Special Rapporteurs to the central government.
Front Line believes Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi and the staff of the PVCHR have been targeted as a result of their legitimate human rights work, in particular, their work to protect victims of starvation in Uttar Pradesh. Dr. Lenin Raghuvanshi and the PVCHR have recently drawn attention to three incidences of babies and young children dying from starvation in the State, which have engendered widespread media attention and public criticism of the State government's failure to acknowledge and tackle the problem. This poverty and starvation are closely linked to the issue of caste discrimination. Concern is expressed for the security and physical and psychological integrity of Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi and all staff members of the PVCHR.
This Urgent Appeal has now ended. No further action is requested at this point. Thank you for taking action on this case.
Front Line issues Urgent Appeals on behalf of human rights defenders at risk on a daily basis. These Appeals normally remain active on our web site for a period of up to six weeks, depending on the situation. After this time they will be archived. Front Line maintains a watching brief on all these cases but no further action is requested after the six weeks, unless there is a significant development in the case.
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Dr. Lenin Rahguvanshi, a human rights activist working for the Dalits and the backward class in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India has been receiving death threats from local political figures from the upper caste communities, asking him to stop his work with dalits or he and his family would be murdered.
The Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) wishes to highlight the situation faced by Dr. Lenin Raghuvanshi, who has also been an Ashoka Fellowship Awardee for 2001, internationally recognized for his work on human rights. Dr Lenin and his colleagues have been subjected to death threats from the upper castes to stop working for the dalit and backward classes.
Dr Lenin has been working in Belwa village, largely to provide education to children from the dalit and backward class who have been denied this right by the upper castes. The state government has not provided schooling for this community despite their long-standing demand.
The backward classes and the dalits have also been denied the right to vote. Belwa village and its surrounding areas are known for booth capturing and election related fraud. During the February 2002 election, people from these communities were brutally assaulted when they went to vote. Belwa will hold another election on 17 August 2005. Mr Giri, Dr Lenin's associate has filed his nomination and is expected to be a strong contender due to his popularity amongst the backward community.
On August 5, Mr.Rama Sharay Singh called Dr Lenin on his mobile phone (No: 9415810955) and demanded that Mr. Giri withdraw his nomination. Around the same time, Mr.Giri also received death threats in the village where he was working. Once again, on August 7, Mr Singh called up Dr. Lenin and said that if the nomination was not withdrawn, Mr Giri and his family would be shot dead.
Dr. Lenin recorded the conversation, made copies of it and is now meeting the Senior Superintendent of Police, Mr. Brij Bushan and the District Magistrate, Mr. Gokaran to lodge his complaint. Dr. Lenin has also faxed a complaint to the Chief Minister of the state regarding the incident.
In this context, the AHRC requests you to intervene and call upon the Government of India and the State Administration of Uttar Pradesh in particular, to provide full protection to Dr. Lenin, Mr. S. N. Giri and their families. An impartial inquiry into the incident must also be conducted immediately. Please also urge the State Human Rights Commission to conduct an independent inquiry into the incident and make public its report and findings. The district administration should immediately consider the long pending request of the Dalit and backward community of Belwa to open a public school for the children. The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Backward Community should also look into the incident, conduct an inquiry into the situation of Dalits and backward community in Uttar Pradesh and recommend effective measures to the State as well as the Central Government in order to put an end to the existing caste based oppression and discrimination. And finally, the State as well as National Election Commission should inquire into the incident and take appropriate action against those who are threatening Mr. S. N. Giri to withdraw his candidature.
Case Details:
Since 2000, Dr. Lenin has been working with the dalits and the backward community in Belwa village, under the jurisdiction of the Phoolpur police station in Varanasi . One of the issues Dr. Lenin focuses on is education for children from the Dalit and backward community and the right to self determination for these community members. Dr. Lenin's colleague, Mr. S. N. Giri is also involved in this work. Mr. Giri is an accepted person among the Dalits and the backward community in the village.
To provide education to the children from these communities, Dr. Lenin with the help of the benefactor families and with financial assistance from CRY, an international organisation, has started a local school where approximately 200 children receive primary education. It is alleged that the local village head Mr. Ranjedra Thiwari, who has held this position for the last 27 years, is opposed to the presence of this school. Since the post of the village head has been reserved for a woman, Mr. Thiwari's wife is holding the post. It is also alleged that Mr. Thiwari in the past has publicly declared that the children from the Dalit and backward community do not have a right to education and that no one from this community has the right to cast their vote in any election. Mr. Thiwari comes from the upper Brahmin caste.
It is alleged that owing allegiance to the pressure from the upper caste community, the state government has not provided any school for the lower caste and backward community in this village despite their long pending demand. These children are also not permitted to attend other schools. On 26 August 2003, Dr. Lenin and his colleagues, together with the support from the local lower caste and backward community, organised a protest before the Sub Divisional Magistrate in Varanasi . Dr. Lenin was immediately arrested and detained by the authorities. The Sub Divisional Magistrate also comes from the same caste as Mr. Thiwari. Dr. Lenin was released after four hours of detention following a huge outcry from individuals and groups within the national and international community.
This village and its surrounding places are known for booth capturing and election fraud. In 2001, a people's tribunal headed by Mr. Justice Sukumaran concluded after a public hearing that there is a clear denial of the right to vote for Dalits and the backward community. The tribunal in its report categorically stated that the police, administration and even the judiciary is biased against the Dalits and the backward community. Belwa was also in the news when there was rampant booth capturing during the 21 February 2002 election in which Mr. Ajay Rai was declared elected to the state legislative assembly. During this election, many people from the Dalit and backward community were brutally assaulted when they came to cast their vote. It is alleged that Mr. Rai is known for his involvement in numerous criminal activities.
Belwa will hold another election on 17 August 2005. Mr. Giri, Dr. Lenin's associate has filed a nomination from Belwa and it is expected that he will be a strong contender in the election owing to his popularity amongst the poor, Dalits and the backward community. On August 5 at about 8 am, a Mr. Rama Sharay Singh called Dr. Lenin on his mobile phone (number 9415810955) and demanded that Mr. Giri withdraw his nomination. Dr. Lenin responded that to file the nomination and to stand for election is Mr. Giri's right and that no one can object to that. Around the same time, Mr. Giri also received threats in the village where he was working and therefore immediately went to Dr. Lenin's office in Varanasi . At about 8.35 p.m. on August 7, Mr. Singh again called Dr. Lenin on the same number and threatened that if Mr. Giri did not withdraw his nomination, Dr. Lenin and his family and Mr. Giri will be shot dead.
This is not the first time that Dr. Lenin and his colleagues have come under the line of fire of the upper castes. On 13 November 2001, Mrs. Durga, an activist associated with Dr. Lenin's organisation and her husband Mr. Adya Prasad were attacked by Mr. Thiwari and his armed men. A month ago, on October 23, Dr. Lenin and his wife Mrs. Shruti were attacked by Mr. Thiwari's men for organising an educational campaign. Immediately after the incident, Mr. Thiwari called Dr. Lenin and informed him that he would be murdered along with his family if he continued his work. Mr. Thiwari has also threatened that he would kill Ms. Asha Devi, a teacher in the local school for educating Dalit children.
This incident is yet another glaring example of how the upper caste dominates the lower caste and the backward community in India and exposes the poor defence that the Government of India continues to use when challenged on caste issues.<
Background Information
Varanasi and the surrounding region was, in the past, known for Lord Buddha's work and his early activities. However, this region is now known for hardcore and often fanatic upper caste Hindu religious activities and propaganda. The region is infamous for upper caste atrocities against the lower and backward castes such as bonded labour, systematic oppression, feudal systems of punishment where the entire village is punished in the most inhuman way for alleged acts of disrespect by the members of lower caste and also for destruction of statues of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, in Dalit and backward class villages.
For centuries, education has been denied to the children from the Dalit and the backward community. Even political leaders who have been elected in this region have publicly stated that the children from these communities must not be provided education and members from this community should not be allowed to participate in elections. It is within this environment that Dr. Lenin and his colleagues are working for the Dalits and the backward class.
Suggested Action
Please send a letter to the following people urging them to immediately order an impartial investigation into this incident. Alternatively, you could call the district administration or Judicial Administration and demand action.
Sample letter:
Dear ___________,
Re: Human rights activist facing death threats for working with the Dalits and backward community
I am deeply concerned with the situation faced by Dr. Lenin Raghuvanshi, a human rights activist working for the Dalits and the backward class in Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh , India . Dr Lenin and his colleagues have been subjected to death threats from the upper castes to stop working for the Dalit and backward classes.
Dr Lenin has been working in Belwa village, largely to provide education to children from the Dalit and backward class who have been denied this right by the upper castes. The state government has not provided schooling for this community despite their long-standing demand.
The Dalits and backward classes have also been denied the right to vote. Belwa village and its surrounding areas are known for booth capturing and election related fraud. During the February 2002 election, people from these communities were brutally assaulted when they went to vote. Belwa will hold another election on 17 August 2005. Mr Giri, Dr Lenin's associate has filed his nomination and is expected to be a strong contender due to his popularity amongst the backward community.
On August 5, Mr. Rama Sharay Singh called Dr Lenin on his mobile phone (No: 9415810955) and demanded that Mr. Giri withdraw his nomination. Around the same time, Mr.Giri also received death threats in the village where he was working. Once again, on August 7, Mr Singh called up Dr. Lenin and said that if the nomination was not withdrawn, Mr Giri and his family would be shot dead.
Dr. Lenin recorded the conversation, made copies of it and is now meeting the Senior Superintendent of Police, Mr. Brij Bushan and the District Magistrate, Mr. Gokaran to lodge his complaint. Dr. Lenin has also faxed a complaint to the Chief Minister of the state regarding the incident.
I thereby call for your urgent intervention. Please provide full protection to Dr. Lenin, Mr. S. N. Giri and their families and immediately conduct an impartial inquiry into the incident. The State Human Rights Commission should also conduct an independent inquiry into the incident and make public its report and findings. The district administration should immediately consider the long pending request of the Dalit and backward community of Belwa to open a public school for the children. The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and backward community should also look into the incident, conduct an inquiry into the situation of Dalits and backward community in Uttar Pradesh and recommend effective measures to the State as well as the Central Government in order to put an end to the existing caste based oppression and discrimination. And finally, the State as well as National Election Commission should inquire into the incident and take appropriate action against those who are threatening Mr. S. N. Giri to withdraw his candidature.
Yours sincerely,
------------
SEND A LETTER TO:
1. Senior Superintendent of Police
Mr. Brij Bushan
S.S.P Varanasi
INDIA
Tel: + 91 542 2500441/ + 91 542 2501450
2. Mr. Gokaran
District Magistrate
Varanasi
INDIA
Tel: + 91 542 2508585
3. Mr. Mulayam Singh Yadav
Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
Chief Minister's Secretariat
Lucknow
Uttar Pradesh
INDIA
Fax: + 91 52 2223 0002 / 2223 9234
4. Justice A.P. Mishra
Chairperson
Uttar Pradesh Human Rights Commission
6-A Kalidass Marg
Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh
INDIA
Tel: + 91 52 2272 6742
Fax: + 91 52 2272 6743
5. Shri Justice A. S. Anand
Chairperson
National Human Rights Commission of India
Faridkot House, Copernicus Marg
New Delhi-110001
INDIA
Tel: + 91 11 23074448
E-mail: mailto:chairnhrc@
6. The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Government of India
5th Floor, Loknayak Bhawan
Khan Market
New Delhi 110003
INDIA
Tel: + 91-11 2462 0435
Fax: + 91-11 2462 5378
Posted by collective at February 25, 2007 02:46 PM
Dear
Re: Human rights activist facing death threats for working with the Dalits and backward community
I am deeply concerned with the situation faced by Dr. Lenin Raghuvanshi, a human rights activist working for the Dalits and the backward class in Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh , India . Dr Lenin and his colleagues have been subjected to death threats from the upper castes to stop working for the Dalit and backward classes.
Dr Lenin has been working in Belwa village, largely to provide education to children from the Dalit and backward class who have been denied this right by the upper castes. The state government has not provided schooling for this community despite their long-standing demand.
The Dalits and backward classes have also been denied the right to vote. Belwa village and its surrounding areas are known for booth capturing and election related fraud. During the February 2002 election, people from these communities were brutally assaulted when they went to vote. Belwa will hold another election on 17 August 2005. Mr Giri, Dr Lenin's associate has filed his nomination and is expected to be a strong contender due to his popularity amongst the backward community.
On August 5, Mr. Rama Sharay Singh called Dr Lenin on his mobile phone (No: 9415810955) and demanded that Mr. Giri withdraw his nomination. Around the same time, Mr.Giri also received death threats in the village where he was working. Once again, on August 7, Mr Singh called up Dr. Lenin and said that if the nomination was not withdrawn, Mr Giri and his family would be shot dead.
Dr. Lenin recorded the conversation, made copies of it and is now meeting the Senior Superintendent of Police, Mr. Brij Bushan and the District Magistrate, Mr. Gokaran to lodge his complaint. Dr. Lenin has also faxed a complaint to the Chief Minister of the state regarding the incident.
I thereby call for your urgent intervention. Please provide full protection to Dr. Lenin, Mr. S. N. Giri and their families and immediately conduct an impartial inquiry into the incident. The State Human Rights Commission should also conduct an independent inquiry into the incident and make public its report and findings. The district administration should immediately consider the long pending request of the Dalit and backward community of Belwa to open a public school for the children. The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and backward community should also look into the incident, conduct an inquiry into the situation of Dalits and backward community in Uttar Pradesh and recommend effective measures to the State as well as the Central Government in order to put an end to the existing caste based oppression and discrimination. And finally, the State as well as National Election Commission should inquire into the incident and take appropriate action against those who are threatening Mr. S. N. Giri to withdraw his candidature.
With Best Regards
Yours sincerely,
Tanveer Kazi
National Secretary
National Campaign on Dalit Human Right
I support this struggle for Dalit rights, and for the right to education, and against the murderous intimidation of activists and political candidates who speak up for the oppressed.
Caste discrimination is against the Constitution of India, and runs counter to all that Mahatma Gandhi and Ambedkar have stood for. But fierce competition for land, resources, and opportunities has led to caste being internalised, rationalised, and justified in outrageous ways, totally in contravention of human rights, and the law of the land. Political parties and religious organisations which do not speak up against it and protect genuine activists for Dalit empowerment should come under the scanner of the law, without delay.
Vasantha Surya
i am sudhir maske. the student of bacholar of social work. form tata institute of social sciences. school of rural development tuljapur. i saw your website , and really i was very happy . your work for dalits right is very essestaional in present sitution. because the todays situtaion is very diffrent form past. now the goverment policy has change , like liberlisation, globalisaqtion ,privtazation this policy is totally against for dalits people. no security of welfare and development of the peoples basically weaker section of the socity. so there is need of activism ; campagions awareness.for protect of dalits rights. and your doing this work. i am very very happy i also very commeted for this work so i want to link with your network.
yours sathi
mr maske sudhir
MOb:o9923789819
(TISS, SRD TULJAPUR ,MAHARASHTRA ,INDIA.)
http://www.thesouth
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Hybrid legends, still extent among the Muslim weavers of Banaras, ...... the reports indicate that untouchable Hindu castes and even the Muslim weavers had ... www.svabhinava. |
Mary-Searle Chatterjee - Islamicization in a Global Context
In the nineteenth century, many Weavers in Banaras became Deobandi. .... Like Scheduled (ex-'Untouchable' ) castes in general, they show only weak ... www.svabhinava. More results from www.svabhinava. |
Muslims, Dalits, and the fabrications of history - Google Books Result
by Shail Mayaram, M. S. S. Pandian, Ajay Skaria - 2005 - India - 322 pages ... marginalized groups such as Untouchables, who describe themselves today as ... describes himself as an Untouchable or Dalit weaver of Banaras — since ... books.google. |
Culture and Power in Banaras "d0e7125"
The independence enjoyed by the Muslim weavers of Banaras has fostered a very ...... an untouchable—without the necessity of a priest or other intermediary. ... content.cdlib. |
Tehelka - The People's Paper
11 Feb 2006 ... while their literature was made untouchable for the ruling elite, ... Jhini Jhini Bini Chunariya, writes about the weavers of Benaras, ... www.tehelka. |
Friends, brothers, and informants: fieldwork memoirs of Banaras
And there is a world that belongs to the weavers of Banaras. ...... in form like a langur monkey Harijan a name used for some untouchable castes hīrā ... www.escholarship. |
JSTOR: The Culture of Banaras
Culture and Power in Banaras: Community Performance and Environment, ... king becomes an untouchable (Harishchandra) and child becomes a preacher to adults ... links.jstor. |
HIMAL SOUTHASIAN | May - June 2006
www.himalmag.
Welcome to Uttar Pradesh ::::: Uttar Pradesh Tourism
Besides traders, crafts people also settled in Banaras. Today the city is renowned for its silk weavers, who prepare the finest types of woven silk fabrics. ... www.up-tourism. |
No Job Name
owing their economic independence to their employment as weavers in Banaras. Manuela Ciotti. 906. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.) 12, ... www.blackwell- |
ODERN HATE
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML weavers in Banaras, gem cutters in Jaipur, poor cultiva-. tors and unskilled laborers, ... untouchables (those at the bottom of the caste system) ... www.columbia. |
Your Guide to India - Varanasi Banaras
Varanasi, or Banaras, (also known as Kashi) is one of the oldest living cities .... its Untouchable guardians, busy and pre-occupied with facilitating final ... www.yourguidetoindi |
Swaraj in Education
The chief source of the Banaras School of Law, one of the five .... a night school for adults of the poor 'untouchables' — the Muchi, Hadi and Bauri castes. ... ignca.nic.in/ |
Islam, The Coming Of Islam To South Asia
Indians who converted to Islam, untouchables and low-caste Hindus, .... weavers in Banaras, one of the most sacred Hindu cities, Kabir played down the ... history-world. |
Culture and Power in Banaras
Four— Protection and Identity: Banaras's Bir Babas as Neighborhood .... Hindus who were alarmed at the conversion of lowcaste and untouchable groups. ... content.cdlib. |
Hindu Nationalism and the Language of Politics in Late Colonial ...
reactions to 1931 riot in Banaras 109. press 61. support for Hind Rakshak Dal 190. untouchable politics 222. volunteer movements 195. youth movements 148 ... www.cambridge. |
Dignity of The Human Person in Sikhism
Bhagat Kabir was a weaver and Bhagat Ravidas a shoemaker from Banaras, Bhagat Trilochan a Vaish, Bhagat Namdev an untouchable of Maharashtra, Bhagat Dhanna ... www.punjabilok. |
Recollections in Educational Administration
Most children up to class V come from illiterate and poor households, chiefly of 'untouchables' (tanners) and weavers. Such a household is enclosed with a ... www.ignca.gov. |
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