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Sunday, August 10, 2008

[vinnomot] Kashmir Crisis Master Minded Hindutva Strategy to Stop Anti US Movement in India


 

Kashmir Crisis Master Minded Hindutva Strategy to Stop Anti US Movement in India


Troubled Galaxy Destroyed Dreams: Chapter 42

Palash Biswas
 
 

Hindutva Maha Rath was flagged off by the RSS Icon Lal Krishna Adwani from Indian Parliament on the day when the so called Left enforced the UPA super slave Government to go for Trust Vote. Indian communists tried their best to play the Anti Imperialist as well as Anti Fascist roles in the Reality Nuke Opera. Adwani subverted the debate in the Heightened Hindutva justifying the Hindu Zionist White Manusmriti Apartheid Galaxy re alliance! Poor communists had no home work to resist the Saffron Magic which captured this bleeding divided Sub continent once again after the destruction of Babri Mosque in Ayodhya!The crisis over the land grant to the Shri Amarnath Shrine Board threatens to divide Jammu and Kashmir along communal lines.The Hindutva Fascist forces have fielded God Rama to justify the US interests!

What a drama follows! Indigenous communities were divided in more than six hundred castes and three percent Brahmins en cashed the crisis of British Imperialism to sustain its colonies after the World Wars and Global Recession! India was divided in nationalities, castes and communities. Anti imperialist aboriginal indigenous communities were never the parties in so called National Freedom Struggle which turned out to be the Freedom for Brahmins only! Dr Ambedkar was the supreme commander of the indigenous subaltern movement but he could not stop partition as he failed to resist Gandhi executing Pune Pact. Because the SC dominated indigenous movement could not deal with nationality question. Neither it could mobilise the OBC and ST against Brahminical Power Politics! Provided if the Aboriginal People from North West Frontier bordering Afghanistan and the modern Swat Valley, along with the tribals of Chittagong in Bangladesh, the nationalities in North East and central India, had it been so easy a cakewalk to partition India transferring power to Brahmins!

Kashmir Crisis is quite reminiscent of the Pre Partition circumstances in Bengal. The Tebhaga movement was in full bloom led by the communists. Hindu as well as Muslim peasants were fighting jointly against the Brahmin zamindars of United Bengal.Elite Brahmin Shyama Prasad Mukherjee was the leader of Hindu Mahasabha who was responsible to sabotage Krishak Praja Samiti leader Fazlul haq. Haq constituted the Haq Shyama  Ministery to provided the launching pad for the Pakistani Nationality as Muslim League took over the Muslim psyche just because of the failure of Fazlul Haq. Then, Mukherjee and the elite ruling Brahmins of Bengal, hitherto being the voices of the British Masters since the War Of Plassy, jumped into the freedom struggle just after the beginning of First World War. The Ruling Class psyche has been well expressed in the so called classics of Tara Shankar Bandopadhyaya, rare human documentation of Hatred against the indigenous aboriginal communities in India.

Mukherjee declared whether India is divided or not, Bengal would be divided! Because the Brahmins were not ready to bear anymore the dominance of the untouchables and the converted lower class Hindus! This was a supreme strategy to provoke Muslim Nationality which convinced a secular man like Jinnah. Hindu Mahasabha launched an anti Muslim campaign to break Hindu Muslim peasants` Unity and defend the Brahmin Zamindars.The ultimate result was the partition of Bengal.

The Hindutva forces would not dare US interests in this divided bleeding subcontinent! This psyche never allows any space for Anti Imperialist Movement anywhere in this subcontinent. The best ploy to resist any Anti Imperialist movement in India happens to be the magic realism of Hindutva! Which has struck Kashmir well planned! It seems that any anti Imperialist movement led by the aboriginal indigenous majority eighty five percent population of India is almost Impossible.

The Brahmins never cared much for the integrity of India as the subaltern history of Partition of India proves well! The Brahmins never care to sustain Kashmir as an integral part of India this time!

This is the game!


Talks between an all-party delegation and the group leading the agitation demanding land for the shrine board failed in Jammu on Saturday. The Shri Amarnath Sangharsh Samiti, a combine of over 30 groups leading the agitation, said the talks were "inconclusive" and announced it would carry on with its campaign.

NDTV reports:

A new peace formula has been put forth to end the Amarnath deadlock. Whether the new proposal is accepted or not there's resentment at how Kashmiri Muslims were kept out of the talks on Saturday.

When it became clear that the Amarnath Sangharsh Samiti would not accept Kashmiri leaders Mahbooba Mufti, Farooq Abdullah and Saifuddin Soz as part of the all-party delegation, members asked Home Minister Shivraj Patil to talk alone with the Samiti.

But Patil insisted that others remained. Eventually, only the Kashmiri Muslim leaders were excluded.

Finally former Chief Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad also excused himself even though he's a Jammu leader. So it would not appear that just the Kashmir leaders were out.

Back in the Valley Mirwaiz Omer Farooq, chairman Hurriyat Conference has been put under house arrest. This after he decided to join the march to Muzaffarabad on Monday, the call for which has been given by Fruit Growers Association.

Meanwhile, the PDP has said it will participate in the march.

However, speaking to NDTV the home minister said his committee had succeeded in creating goodwill and understanding.

He denied that there was an economic blockade and appealed to the separatists not to try and take trucks via Muzaffarabad in Pakistan in a symbolic protest.
http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080060904


The land grant controversy has troubled the state for over five weeks now, with at least 15 people dying in violent protests and clashes. The controversy began when the state government allotted 40 hectare of forestland in north Kashmir to the shrine board in May—a step which angered Muslims—and then scrapped its decision on July 1, this time angering Hindus.


An all-party delegation led by Home Minister Shivraj Patil visited Jammu on Saturday to find a solution but both sides in the controversy refuse to budge from their positions.


Does the controversy threaten to pit Jammu and Kashmir against each other? CNN-IBN's Editor-in-Chief Rajdeep Sardesai asked this on the Weekend Edition to Virender Raina, national spokesperson for Panun Kashmir, Mirwaiz Umar Farooq, chairperson of All Parties Hurriyat Conference, and youth activist Aditya Raj Kaul.

Jammu vs Kashmir: Reign of peace
Rashid Ahmad, Hindustan Times
Domail (Baltal), August 10, 2008

From Domail (Baltal), at a place called Baltal, begins the shortcut to God. The Amarnath caves are just 16 km away from this piece of land the size of a football field — the Himalayas towering around it and the Sindh river gently gurgling past. Pilgrims begin the quickest climb to the shrine from here.

Shortcuts often come with dangers.

In the last six weeks, this piece of land 93 km from Srinagar has triggered one of the deepest communal divides in independent India in the Valley, with 10 people killed and more than 500 injured on the streets of Jammu and Srinagar.

On Saturday, the streets still burned, even as the Amarnath Yatra Sangharsh Samiti, the organisation demanding that the Baltal land be returned to a temple trust, climbed down a bit by agreeing to peace talks with Home Minister Shivraj Patil.

At Baltal's Ground Zero, however, peace has never had to be talked out in the 30 years that pilgrims have been pitching tent here.

In an extension of a 160-year-old tradition of Hindu pilgrims being helped by Muslim workers on the older route to Amarnath from Pahalgam, around 300 Muslim labourers and seasonal workers escort people to the cave, carrying the old on their shoulders, providing mules to others, supplying water and helping with backpacks and other luggage.

There is little sense of the street rage and deep religious divide sweeping Jammu and Srinagar.

"I am here for more than a month, helping yatris," said Ashiq Hussain (25), a resident of nearby Kangan. Hussain is an Arts graduate but could not get a government job. His three younger brothers, two sisters and widowed mother depend solely on him for livelihood. 

"This is the time I earn for my family. We have no other means," he said. Ashiq has earned around Rs 12,000 in a month.

The piece of land at the centre of the conflict has pre-fabricated structures, including latrines, bathrooms and shelter sheds.

The control over the conduct of the yatra, which rested with the Shri Amarnath Shrine Board (which now looks only after religious matters), is now with the state tourism department.

On Saturday, about 200 yatris were ready to set out on the trek. Officials said 250 yatris had already left. Those who could afford were taking the helicopter service.

Abdul Gani Khan, another resident, said he had been associated with the annual pilgrimage for 15 years.

"We have never treated yatris like outsiders invading the Valley. They are like family," said the 55-year-old.

Akhel Kumar, a 23-year-old Delhi student, agrees. "We have no problem here. When my friend Abhishek and I decided to leave for the yatra, friends and relatives advised against it," he said. "We faced problems in Jammu. Agitators threw stones on our vehicle at Samba and Kuthua. We thought the worst might be waiting in the Valley. But we are surprised to see the hospitality and generosity of the people here."

On the way from his home state Chattisgarh, driver Anil Kumar's Scorpio was stopped at several places in Jammu by protesters who asked him to go back. "At Samba some people hurled stones at us," said Kumar (35). "But it is all calm once I reached the piece of land over which battles are being fought."

Om Prakash Karlekar (45), a pilgrim from Maharashtra, termed the rioting over the yatra as a "political stunt".

"This is disgusting. We must not be swayed by what is being said and done," he said.

http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=3357c363-d249-4420-8137-abda757d3691&ParentID=056d4aa2-5870-4f29-b2ff-1ab4dd19bbd7&MatchID1=4737&TeamID1=8&TeamID2=6&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1194&MatchID2=4728&TeamID3=2&TeamID4=3&MatchType2=1&SeriesID2=1191&PrimaryID=4737&Headline=Jammu+versus+Kashmir%3a+Reign+of+peace

 
 
Swapan Dasgupta
Identity crisis
10 Aug 2008, 0148 hrs IST, SWAPAN DASGUPTA
 
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Opinion/Columnists/Identity_crisis/articleshow/3346990.cms
There is a facet of the turmoil in Jammu and Kashmir that is both puzzling and revealing: why did it take the government so long to begin talking to the protestors in Jammu?

Consider the facts. On July 31, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh invited the leader of Opposition L K Advani and Arun Jaitley for a discussion on internal security. After an anodyne exchange on terrorism, the prime minister requested the BJP to use its good offices to ensure that the 'blockade' of the highway to the Kashmir Valley is lifted. He had information that the separatists would use the disruption to press for accessing the Muzaffarabad road and demanding transit through Pakistan. This would create fresh complications and add an international dimension to the problem.

The prime minister's fears were warranted since this is precisely what the Hurriyat Conference leaders have begun demanding. Yet, for a full week, until the all-party meeting on August 6, the government sat back and watched the agitation in Jammu escalate steadily. At the all-party meeting too, the government's limited objective was to secure a unanimous resolution asking for the Jammu agitation to be called off. It was only after the BJP flatly refused that the government grudgingly agreed to begin a dialogue with the Sangharsh Samity spearheading the agitation.

Democracy is by definition quite tiresome. It involves constant engagement with saints, dreamers, rogues and normal people. In Jammu and Kashmir, successive governments have kept the door open for dialogue with even those who have questioned the state's inclusion in the Indian Union and supped with the ISI. The prime minister even travelled to Srinagar for a Round Table Conference which included the Hurriyat Conference - it is a separate matter the separatists didn't attend. So, why did the government hesitate to talk to those who have been on the streets for over a month, defying curfew, braving hardships and marching with the Indian tricolour? If the separatists are "our people", are the citizens of Jammu non-citizens?

The government's insensitivity arose from a mindset that has influenced official thinking, shaped the million-dollar conflict-resolution industry and permeated into the editorial classes. It was centred on the assumption that the Kashmir Valley was all that mattered in Jammu and Kashmir; Jammu and Ladakh were the loose ends that could be conveniently papered over. No one gave a damn when Ladakh protested against the demographic transformation and the threat to its identity and Jammu's long-standing complaints of discriminatory treatment were brushed aside with sneering condescension. All that mattered was the so-called 'hurt Kashmiri psyche' and Kashmiri 'alienation'. These labels of victimhood also became the cover for the most heinous political crime of independent India: the ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Hindus from the Valley. Today, this shameful expulsion has become such a footnote that Hurriyat leaders can brazenly proclaim their 'secular' credentials on TV talk shows, while the voices of Pandit protest are rubbished with the disdain reserved for Praveen Togadia.

The protests in Jammu are only partially about the 40 acres of land given to the Amarnath Yatra Shrine Board and then taken away after the PDP and the separatists raised the bogey of a demographic invasion and an assault on Kashmiri identity. Imagine the outcry if a Haj Terminal is peremptorily denotified on 'cultural' grounds?

Having had their feelings trampled upon for so long, the people of Jammu are demanding the right to live with self-respect and dignity in a state where only separatist blackmail seem to matter. The protests are an assertion of political empowerment and a plea to the rest of India to give nationalism a place in Jammu and Kashmir. Simultaneously, it is a fitting rebuff to the mindset that deems Omar Abdullah's eloquent insensitivity in the Lok Sabha an iconic assertion of cosmopolitan modernity.

Express News ServiceInvoking Bapu and Ram, Advani, Rajnath raise Jammu pitch
Suman K JhaPosted online: Sunday, August 10, 2008 at 0029 hrs
http://www.indianexpress.com/story/346842.html

New Delhi, August 9: Hours before talks between the Amarnath Sangharsh Samiti and the all-party delegation from New Delhi fell through, BJP's Prime Ministerial candidate L K Advani and party president Rajnath Singh affirmed their resolve to support the agitation for restoration of the land to the Amarnath shrine board.
 
"Our demand is supported by every believer — whether Hindus or Muslims — in the country," Advani claimed. A 150-member Rashtrawadi Muslim Manch (an RSS affiliate) went to Jammu and Kashmir in solidarity with the demand only this week...This is India's struggle, our party supports the Sangharsh Samiti charter in its fullest," he said at a function here today.

"Like Gandhiji told the people of India 'Do or Die' today, you should also get ready to make sacrifices and struggle," said Advani at a Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha function, coinciding with the Quit India anniversary.

BJP president Rajnath Singh, in keeping with his positioning for the last few months, played a hardliner to the hilt. "The BJP, born in 1980, is in the prime of youth

today. The Ram Lalla of Advaniji's rath yatra, too, has entered His youth. The party is fully behind the Jammu agitation," said the BJP president, reiterating the party's commitment to "introduce POTA when it came to power".

Hitting out at the Congress for what he called its "flawed secularism", Advani said: "Secularism means respect for all religions; this doesn't mean that Hindus be shown disrespect. Congress and some other parties think they can benefit politically by promoting an anti-Hindu mindset. This is evident in the recent developments in Kashmir. A similar anti-Hindu mindset was also evident in the Congress-led UPA Government's approach towards the Ram Sethu issue..."

"It was essentially due to Shyama Prasad Mookerjee's sacrifice that the Tricolour found the pride of place in the state (J&K)," Advani said. "Had he not made the supreme sacrifice, Mufti Mohammad Sayeed (and others like him) would not have become chief ministers there...The present crisis has revived the old issue of the state's full integration with the rest of the country. Why should there be two systems (of governance) in one country?" he said.

"How can Kashmir's identity be threatened by the erection of temporary structures on just 100 acres of land for provision of basic amenities, and that too for only two months in a year? And what is Kashmir's identity? Isn't Kashmir an integral part of India?" asked Advani.
 
J&K talks: No headway, curfew still on in Jammu
Zafar Iqbal
Sunday, August 10, 2008, (Jammu)
http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080060828&ch=8/10/2008%208:47:00%20AM
Please be flexible so we can resolve this crisis," that was the message of the Home Minister Shivraj Patil to the Amarnath Sangharsh Samiti which has been leading the protests in Jammu.
The Samiti has also called for a bandh in Jammu till August 14 and curfew has not been relaxed on Sunday.
A day-long deadlock over the J&K peace talks on Saturday was broken after Kashmiri leaders Mehbooba Mufti, Farooq Abdullah and Saifuddin Soz withdrew from the 18 member all-party delegation as per a condition set by the Amarnath Sangharsh Samiti to attend the peace talks.
The Samiti accused these leaders of starting the whole Amarnath land row in the first place.
But the first round of talks didn't achieve much.
Leela Karan the Convenor of Amarnath Sangharsh Samiti speaking to NDTV on whether the J&K talks were inconclusive said that the discussions would continue as he wanted both sides to rethink their proposals. He also said that the agitation would continue.
Kashmiri leaders say they don't want to be an obstacle in the peace process but add that no resolution can be found without the involvement of the Kashmiris.
"The meeting will definitely take place. But if progress can be made, if we are out of the meeting, then we will not attend it," said Mehbooba Mufti, leader, PDP.
The Samiti wants revocation of the Amarnath land deal, a demand the government finds difficult to meet.
"They should be flexible in their stand and help us resolve the issue," said Shivraj Patel, the Home Minister.
Forcing the Kashmiri leaders out of the delegation is the first victory of the Amarnath Yatra Sangharsh Samiti, but how they achieve their real objective will also be determined by how powerfully they put their point of view and what the government decides at the end of the day.
J&K row harks back to S P Mukherjee days: Advani
Press Trust of India
Sunday, August 10, 2008, (New Delhi)
Comparing the present agitation in Jammu over the Amarnath issue to the protest launched by Jana Sangh ideologue Shyama Prasad Mukherjee 55 years ago for cancelling the "visa" system for those visiting Jammu and Kashmir, BJP leader L K Advani on Sunday said "we have turned a full circle".
"Shyama Prasad Mukherjee had promised the people during that agitation that he would either get the permit system abolished or sacrifice his life ... Today (after the Amarnath agitation) we seem to have turned a full circle," Advani said.
He was speaking at a function to release the special issue of a children's magazine dedicated to former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
Criticising the forces opposed to allotment of land for Amarnath pilgrims, Advani said, "They say how can you give land to outsiders in Kashmir... Jammu and Kashmir is an integral part of India and whoever raises questions about this issue will have to pay for it."
Advani praised Mukherjee for his agitation which led to the abolition of the permit system for those entering Jammu and Kashmir.
"Mukherjee died two years after forming the Bharatiya Jan Sangh under mysterious circumstances. This party had to undergo several tribulations to reach this stage," he said.
Gen Sinha castigates PDP, media
Press Trust of India
Sunday, August 10, 2008, (Chandigarh)
Former J&K Governor Lt Gen (retd) S K Sinha on Sunday took on the PDP for its so-called anti-national role while blaming the media for "misleading and misinforming" the public on the sensitive Amarnath land row.
Alleging that Mufti Mohammed Sayeed was opposed to the length of the annual pilgrimage to the cave shrine, Sinha said the former Chief Minister and PDP patron placed prefabricated structures along the Baltal route and continuously resisted his work as chairman of Shri Amarnath Shrine Board.
In his 90-minute keynote address at a seminar on "Shri Amarnath Land Transfer -- Implications of Revocation" organised in Chandigarh by the Forum on Integrated National Security, Sinha blamed the media, too, for its irresponsible coverage of the issue.
"I can understand the Valley press being prejudiced and engaging in yellow journalism but the national media has been misleading public opinion on this issue which is a matter of great concern," he said.
Sinha said vested interests are trying to portray the decision of land transfer to SASB as one made by him "whereas the truth is that the state cabinet in May this year had unanimously approved of land being given to the Board."
Separatists are whipping up the sentiments of Kashmiri citizens against the transfer, he said, by projecting it as a step to facilitate permanent settlement of Hindus and one that could potentially change the demography of the Valley.
Sinha also blamed the Centre for going into an "overdrive" with its "appeasement policy and hurried revoking of the order."
Meanwhile, in New Delhi RJD chief Lalu Prasad blamed Sinha for the ugly turn to the Amarnath land transfer issue.
"Sinha is in the root of all this problem. He should not have been made the Governor," said Prasad, speaking on the sidelines of the first national executive meeting of the Youth RJD.
Echoing the LJP chief Ram Vilas Paswan's earlier comments, Prasad said that the Press Conference by Sinha's personal secretary in which it was said that the land was transferred triggered off the controversy.
Charging the BJP with communalising the issue, Prasad said that BJP is anxious for the Prime Ministership and party leader Lal Krishna Advani is raising the issue with this purpose alone.
"Once again Rama is suiting BJP. They are raising the issue to become the PM," said Prasad charging BJP with spreading "communal virus."
Arguing that local Muslims always cooperated in the pilgrimage, he said that there has been no obstruction to it.
Yaseen Malik ends fast on PM's request
Press Trust of India
Sunday, August 10, 2008, (Srinagar)
Chairman of Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) Mohammad Yaseen Malik on Sunday ended his six-day-long fast unto death following a message from Prime Minister Manmohan Singh requesting him to end the fast.
Malik, who had refused to cooperate with doctors and even declined to take medicines orally, took a glass of juice from the mother of one of the youths, Asif Mehraj, who was killed in police action while protesting against the economic blockade of the Valley at Maisuma on Monday, in presence of the Divisional Commissioner and Kashmir police chief.
"I take the word of the Prime Minister seriously. I don't doubt the credentials of the Prime Minister who is a very good human being. I am hopeful that his words would be translated into practice," Malik said after breaking his fast.
Malik, who was admitted in Soura Medical Institute on Thursday after his condition deteriorated, ended his fast around 4.30 pm when Divisional Commissioner, Kashmir, Masud Samoon and Inspector General of Police, Kashmir, S M Sahai visited him and read out the Prime Minister's message.
"We will monitor the situation for a month and take necessary action if the government promise is not kept," he said
Amarnath row: New J&K peace formula mooted
NDTV Correspondent
Sunday, August 10, 2008, (New Delhi)
http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080060899&ch=633539982682842500
There is a new peace proposal that could break the Amarnath deadlock.
Sources told NDTV that according to the proposal, all the controversial decisions that led to the flare up will be cancelled including the Cabinet decision transferring land to the Amarnath Shrine Board and also the decision revoking that order.
In their place the old high court order will continue to operate. This order asks the government to safeguard the Yatris' interests.
The big question, however is, will the Amarnath Sangharsh Samiti accept this formula? The BJP hopes it will, but it seems clear the Hurriyat won't agree to it.
Meanwhile in Delhi, the leader of the Opposition L K Advani has hit out at those who, what he says, are challenging the identity of Jammu and Kashmir.
"The issue is not about Amarnath. It's not about a shrine. They didn't have a problem when land was allotted to Vaishno Devi temple in Jammu. But they are opposing the transfer of land in Kashmir. Every Indian has right to every inch of land in India. Nobody can deny that right. And if some people try to resist, it is not a small thing. They are questioning the identity of J&K. They are challenging the Constitutional fact that J&K is an integral part of India. Therefore, we will oppose their move with all our might and we will win," said L K Advani, Leader of the Opposition.
 
Kashmir Flashpoint
 
Page last updated at 16:56 GMT, Thursday, 7 August 2008 17:56 UK
Natwar Singh (left) and Khurshid Mehmood Kasuri after holding talks
India and Pakistan sign two security co-operation accords during talks between their foreign ministers.

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Kashmir conflict

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The disputed areas of the region of Kashmir. India claims the entire erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmir based on an instrument of accession signed in 1947. Pakistan claims all areas of the erstwhile state except for those claimed by China. China claims the Shaksam Valley and Aksai Chin.
The disputed areas of the region of Kashmir. India claims the entire erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmir based on an instrument of accession signed in 1947. Pakistan claims all areas of the erstwhile state except for those claimed by China. China claims the Shaksam Valley and Aksai Chin.
Page 1, The Treaty of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir) to the Union of India signed on 26 October 1947, and accepted the following day which shows Maharaja Hari Singh's accession of the state of Jammu and Kashmir to India
Page 1, The Treaty of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir) to the Union of India signed on 26 October 1947, and accepted the following day which shows Maharaja Hari Singh's accession of the state of Jammu and Kashmir to India
Page 2, Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir), with signatures of Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir, and Viscount Mountbatten of Burma, Governor-General of India.
Page 2, Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir), with signatures of Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir, and Viscount Mountbatten of Burma, Governor-General of India.

The Kashmir conflict refers to the territorial dispute between India and Pakistan (and between India and the People's Republic of China) over Kashmir, the northwesternmost region of the Indian subcontinent.

India claims the entire erstwhile Dogra princely state of Jammu and Kashmir and presently administers approximately half the region including most of Jammu, Kashmir Valley, Ladakh and the Siachen Glacier. India's claim is contested by Pakistan which controls a third of Kashmir, mainly Azad Kashmir and the northern areas of Gilgit and Baltistan. The Kashmiri region under Chinese control is known as Aksai Chin. In addition, China also controls the Trans-Karakoram Tract, also known as the Shaksam Valley, that was ceded to it by Pakistan in 1963.

The official stated stance of India is that Kashmir is an "integral part" of India, while the official stated stance of Pakistan is that Kashmir is a disputed territory whose final status can only be determined by the Kashmiri people.

India and Pakistan have fought three wars over Kashmir: in 1947, 1965, and 1999. India and China have clashed once, in 1962 over Aksai Chin as well as the northeastern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. India and Pakistan have also been involved in several skirmishes over Siachen Glacier. Since the 1990s, the Indian state of Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir has been hit by confrontation between Kashmiri separatists, including militants whom India alleges are supported by Pakistan, and the Indian Armed Forces, which has resulted in thousands of deaths[1].

Contents

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[edit] Partition, dispute and war

A map of the Kashmir region showing the boundaries of the erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in red.
A map of the Kashmir region showing the boundaries of the erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in red.

In 1935, British rulers compelled the Dogra King of Jammu and Kashmir to lease parts of his kingdom, which were to make up the new Province of the North-West Frontier, for 60 years. This move was designed to strengthen the northern boundaries, especially from Russia.

In 1947, the British dominion of India came to an end with the creation of two new nations, India and Pakistan. Each of the 562 Indian princely states joined one of the two new nations: the Union of India or the Dominion of Pakistan. Jammu and Kashmir had a predominantly Muslim population but a Hindu ruler, and was the largest of these autonomous states and bordered both modern countries. Its ruler was the Dogra King (or Maharaja) Hari Singh. Hari Singh preferred to remain independent and sought to avoid the stress placed on him by either India and Pakistan by playing each against the other.

In October 1947, Pakistani tribals from Dir entered Kashmir with the hope to liberate it from Dogra rule. The state forces were not able to withstand the invasion and the Maharaja signed The Instrument of Accession that was accepted by the Indian National Congress on October 27, 1947.

[edit] Timeline

The following is a timeline of the Kashmir conflict.

[edit] Indo-Pakistani War of 1947

The irregular Pakistani tribals made rapid advances into Kashmir (Baramulla sector) after the rumours that the Maharaja was going to decide for the union with India. Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir asked the Government of India to intervene. However, the Government of India pointed out that India and Pakistan had signed an agreement of non-intervention (maintenance of the status quo) in Jammu and Kashmir; and although tribal fighters from Pakistan had entered Jammu and Kashmir, there was, until then, no iron-clad legal evidence to unequivocally prove that the Government of Pakistan was officially involved. It would have been illegal for India to unilaterally intervene (in an open, official capacity) unless Jammu and Kashmir officially joined the Union of India, at which point it would be possible to send in its forces and occupy the remaining parts.

The Maharaja desperately needed the Indian military's help when the Pathan tribal invaders reached the outskirts of Srinagar. Before their arrival into Srinagar, India argues that Maharaja Hari Singh completed negotiations for acceding Jammu and Kashmir to India in exchange for receiving military aid. The agreement which ceded Jammu and Kashmir to India was signed by the Maharaja and Lord Mountbatten.